I-United Nations E-Government Survey yenziwa njalo ngonyaka odlule iminyaka emibili yi-Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Yiyona yodwa imibiko emhlabeni wonke ehlobanisa isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-e-government sazo zonke iziLungu ze-United Nations. Isebenza njengesiqondiso kubenzi bezinqumo ukuthi bazibonele izindawo abaqine kuzo nezinselelo ku-e-government futhi iqondise izinqubomgomo namasu e-e-government. Lo mbhalo uphinde ugqamise izindlela ezivelayo ze-e-government, izindaba nemikhuba emisha, kanye nezinselelo namathuba okuthuthukiswa kwe-e-government. Isahluko ngasinye sihlinzeka ngokuhlaziya idatha ye-Survey, kanye nokugqamisa amasu, izinselelo namathuba ukuze kuhlinzekwe izinketho zenqubomgomo.

I-E-Government Development Index yethula isimo sokuThuthukiswa kwe-E-Government kwamalungu e-United Nations. Kanye nokuhlola izindlela zokuThuthukiswa kwamawebhusayithi ezweni, i-E-Government Development index ihlanganisa izici zokufinyelela, njengengqalasizinda namazinga emfundo, ukuze ibonise ukuthi izwe lisebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe bolwazi ukukhuthaza ukufinyelela nokufakwa kwabantu balo. I-EGDI iyisilinganiso esihlanganisiwe sezici ezintathu ezibalulekile ze-e-government, okungukuthi: ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi, ukuxhumana kwezobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana kanye namandla omuntu.

Ngokwezibalo, i-EGDI iyisilinganiso esinesisindo samaphuzu amathathu alinganisiwe ezindaweni ezintathu ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-e-government, okungukuthi: (1) ububanzi nekhwalithi yamasevisi aku-inthanethi (Online Service Index, OSI), (2) isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokuxhumana (Telecommunication Infrastructure Index, TII), kanye (3) nomandla omuntu (Human Capital Index, HCI). Ngamunye walezi zinkomba uyisilinganiso esihlanganisiwe esingakhiwa futhi sihlaziywe ngokuzimele.

Ngaphambi kokulinganisa izinkomba ezintathu ezakhiweyo, inqubo yokulinganisa i-Z-score iyasetshenziswa kuyo yonke inkomba ngayinye ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-EGDI iyonke inqunywa ngokulinganayo izinkomba ezintathu ezakhiweyo, okungukuthi inkomba ngayinye eyakhiwe ihlinzeka ngokuhluka okufanayo ngemuva kokulinganisa i-Z-score. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa kokulinganisa i-Z-score, i-EGDI izoncika kakhulu enkombeni eyakhiwe enokuhlukahluka okukhulu.

Ngemuva kokwenziwa kwe-Z-score standardization, isamba sezibalo zesilinganiso siba isikhombisi-sitatimende esihle, lapho "izilinganiso ezilinganayo" kusho khona ngempela "ukubaluleka okulinganayo".

Ukubalwa kwe-Z-score okujwayelekile kwenkomba ngayinye eyakhiwe:

lapho:

i-x iyisikolo esiluhlaza okumele senziwe i-standardized;

i-µ iyisilinganiso sabantu abaningi;

i-σ iyisilinganiso esijwayelekile sabantu abaningi.

Phakathi kwebanga lika-0 kuye ku-1 lamagugu e-EGDI, amazwe ahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amane achazwa ngokobuningi kanje: amagugu aphezulu kakhulu e-EGDI asukela ku-0.75 kuye ku-1.00 afakiwe, iqembu lamagugu aphezulu e-EGDI asukela ku-0.50 kuye ku-0.7499 afakiwe, amagugu aphakathi e-EGDI asukela ku-0.25 kuye ku-0.4999 afakiwe, kanti amagugu aphansi e-EGDI asukela ku-0.0 kuye ku-0.2499 afakiwe. Kuzo zonke izinkomba kulawa mabanga embhalweni nezingxenye zemidwebo, amagugu afanele ayindilinga ukuze kucace futhi aveziwe kanje: 0.75 kuye ku-1.00, 0.50 kuye ku-0.75, 0.25 kuye ku-0.50, kanye no-0.00 kuye ku-0.25. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono ngesimo samaqembu amazwe anamazinga afanayo okusebenza ngaphakathi kwamaqembu awo e-EGDI, iqembu ngalinye le-EGDI lihlukaniswa izikhathi ezine ezichazwe ngokulinganayo, noma ama-quartiles1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezigaba zokukala ngaphakathi kwamaqembu afanele e-EGDI, ngokwehla, kulandelana kanje: VH, V3, V2 kanye no-V1 eqembu eliphezulu kakhulu; HV, H3, H2 kanye no-H1 eqembu eliphezulu; MH, M3, M2 kanye no-M1 eqembu eliphakathi; kanye no-LM, L3, L2 kanye no-L1 eqembu eliphansi.

Ukuvuselelwa okuphelele kakhulu kwe-E-Government Survey assessment ngo-2022 kuza ngendlela yefomula elungisiwe yokukhiqiza i-Online Service Index. Indlela entsha yethula uhlelo lokumisa okujwayelekile nokujwayelekile ukuze kuqhubeke nokuhambisa i-OSI ne-Local Online Service Index (LOSI) ngokuhlukanisa imibuzo yokuhlola izindawo ezihlukene ezi-5 ezakha izikhombisi-zincane ezi-5: uhlaka lwesikhungo (IF), ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo (SP), ukuhlinzekwa kokuqukethwe (CP), ubuchwepheshe (TEC) kanye ne-e-participation (EPI)—ne-OSI iyonke ibalwa ngokusekelwe kumavelu ajwayelekile esikhombisi ngasinye. Isikhombisi ngasinye sezikhombisi ezi-5 ze-OSI sabelwa isisindo ngokusekelwe kusilinganiso esihlobene nenani lemibuzo eyingeyakho isigaba esihambisanayo embuzweni we-OSI assessment, njengoba kukhonjiswe ngezansi:

Lolu hlelo lweshumi nantathu lwe-United Nations E-Government Survey, olukhishwe ngo-2024, luhlinzeka ngokuhlola okuphelele kwezinga likahulumeni wedijithali kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu ayi-193. I-Survey ka-2024 igqamisa ukwanda okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kukahulumeni wedijithali emhlabeni wonke, ngokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda eqinile kanye nobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. Inani elijwayelekile lomhlaba wonke le-E-Government Development Index (EGDI) libonisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu, lapho isabelo sabantu abasale ngemuva ekuthuthukisweni kukahulumeni wedijithali siyehlile kusuka ku-45.0 ekhulwini ngo-2022 saya ku-22.4 ekhulwini ngo-2024. Naphezu kokuqhubeka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kukahulumeni wedijithali, izilinganiso ze-EGDI zesifunda sase-Afrika, amazwe asathuthuka kakhulu, kanye namazwe asathuthuka aseziqhingini ezincane kuhlala kungaphansi kwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke, okugcizelela isidingo sokwenza imizamo eqondisiwe ukuze kuvalwe izikhala ezikhona.

Ezingeni lendawo, i-Survey iqhubeka nokuhlola izindawo zedolobha kusetshenziswa i-Local Online Services Index (LOSI). Imiphumela ye-LOSI ibonisa intuthuko eqhubekayo kodwa futhi igqamisa umehluko oqhubekayo phakathi kokusebenza kwe-e-government kazwelonke nelendawo, okukhombisa isidingo sezinhlelo eziqondile zokuqinisa uhulumeni wedijithali ezingeni likamasipala.

I-e-government iyimodeli entsha yezinhlaka zikahulumeni ukwenza imisebenzi kahulumeni kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi besimanje, okuhlanganisa izindawo ezifana nokuba khona obala kukahulumeni, izinsizakalo eziku-inthanethi, kanye nomsebenzi wokubambisana wehhovisi.

I-e-government ihlanganisa ukwakhiwa okuhlanganisiwe kwengqalasizinda efana ne-government cloud kanye ne-government extranet, kanye nezinhlelo zokusekela ezobuchwepheshe ezifana nokuphathwa kwedatha kanye nokuqinisekiswa kukagesimende. Izindlela zayo eziyinhloko zokuxhumana zihlukaniswe izigaba ezine: phakathi kukahulumeni (G2G), uhulumeni-bhizinisi (G2B), uhulumeni-isakhamuzi (G2C), kanye nohulumeni-isisebenzi (G2E).

Ama-kiosk kahulumeni kagesimende kanye nokuzisebenzela kahulumeni ahlobene njengengxenye yomphakathi wonke, esekela futhi enweba uhlelo. Owokuqala uyingxenye yamasu omphakathi wonke wokuguqulwa kwedijithali, kanti owokugcina uyisikhungo esibalulekile esibonakalayo sokwenza leli su.

1. Ukukhuthaza Ukuguqulwa Kwamadijithali Ezinsizakalo Zikahulumeni

Uhulumeni kagesimende uyimodeli yokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kukahulumeni kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo ngobuchwepheshe bolwazi. Ama-kiosk okuzisebenzela kahulumeni, njengengxenye ebalulekile kukahulumeni kagesimende, ahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezilula futhi ezisebenza kahle, anciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi futhi athuthukise ukusebenza kahle.

2. Ukuthuthukisa Ukufinyeleleka kwezinsizakalo Zikahulumeni

Ama-kiosk okuzisebenzela kahulumeni avame ukufakwa ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni, ezindaweni zomphakathi, nakwezinye izindawo. Izakhamizi zingaqedela imisebenzi eyahlukene kahulumeni njengokufaka izicelo zamakhadi kamazisi, imibuzo yentela, kanye nezinkokhelo zenhlalakahle ngaphandle kokudinga usizo lomuntu. Le modeli yokuzisebenzela yandisa ukufinyeleleka kwezinsizakalo zikahulumeni, ivumela izakhamizi ukuqedela imisebenzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi nendawo.

3.Ukufezekisa Ukuxhumana Kolwazi Nokwabelana Ngezinsiza

Uhulumeni we-e wakha inkundla yolwazi eyodwa ukuze unqamule izithiyo phakathi kweminyango kahulumeni futhi ukhuthaze ukwabelana ngolwazi ezindaweni nasemikhakheni. Amakhiyoski azisebenzela, ngokuxhuma kulezi zinkundla, angahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zikahulumeni zesikhathi sangempela nezinembayo, ethuthukisa kakhulu ulwazi lwezinsizakalo.

4.Ukwandisa Ukubonakala Kahulumeni Nokuhlakanipha

Enye yezinjongo eziyinhloko zikahulumeni we-e ukuthuthukisa ukubonakala nokuhlakanipha emisebenzini kahulumeni. Amakhiyoski azisebenzela anikela kulokhu ngokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezidijithaliwe nezibonakalayo, kunciphisa amaphutha omuntu kanye nokungenelela, nokwandisa ukwethemba kwezakhamuzi kuhulumeni.

5.Ukunciphisa Ulayini Nesikhathi Sokulinda

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezikhangiso zokuzisebenzela kwehlisa kahle ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ezikwi-inthanethi, kunciphisa ingcindezi kubasebenzi futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo. Le ndlela yokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezenzakalelayo ivumela abantu ukuba benze imisebenzi edingekayo ngaphandle kokulinda isikhathi eside, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswa isipiliyoni sokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo.

6.Ukuhambisana Nezikhombisi Zepolitiki Nezidingo Zomphakathi

Ngokufakwa kwemigomo efana namadolobha akhanyayo kanye nohulumeni bedijithali, izikhangiso zokuzisebenzela, njengengxenye ye-e-government, zihlangabezana kangcono nezidingo zabantu zokuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ezilula nezisebenzayo, zifaka isandla ekwakheni uhlelo lwezinsizakalo lukahulumeni olusebenzayo kakhulu.

Ngokufingqa, izikhangiso zokuzisebenzela zikahulumeni, njengengxenye ye-e-government, zisebenza ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo, kwandiswe ukuveza, futhi kwandiswe ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, kudala ibhuloho elilula nelihlakaniphile phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi.

Ama-kiosk azisebenzela abalulekile ohlelweni lwe-e-government ukwenza izinsizakalo zedijithali zibe ngokoqobo, zibe nendawo, futhi zitholakale yonke indawo. Akuyona nje imishini yokugcina, kodwa izindawo ezibalulekile ezisetshenziswa esisekelweni sedijithali esihlangene ukuze kufezekiswe izinsizakalo "ezitholakala yonke indawo".

Ukuhlola ama-kiosk azisebenzela nezicelo ezingaphezulu, sicela uxhumane no-Huabiao Technology, sizokunikeza izinsizakalo ezinemininingwane neziphelele.